The first evidence of instruments we can really say are ouds are in the art of the Sassanid era of Iran, the last Iranian empire before the rise of Islam, from CE 224 to 651. She continued her musical quest later at the Conservatoire of Damascus and was taught by masters of the oud in Syria including Prof. Askar Ali Akbar, Issam Rafea, Mohamad Osman and Ayman Aljesry. Great vocals, heavy grooves and a soul lot of fun! These were called (for the lowest in pitch) the Bamm, then came (higher to highest in pitch) the Mathn, the Mathlath and the Zr. You may also like: Belly Dancers | Arabic Entertainment | Zaffa Groups Oud Abiyad Arabic Perfume for Unisex - 100ml. Perfume rating 4.15 out of 5 with 13 votes. LONDON MUSIC HALL. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Create events for free. This is noted in the Gktrk monument inscriptions[citation needed]. The quality of the material used in the construction of the oud musical instrument is very important. [44], The oldest pictorial record of a short-necked lute-type vn dates from around the 1st to 3rd centuries AD. These interesting instruments have 11 or 13 strings which are grouped in 5 or 6 courses and are used in many regions of the world including Persia, Greece, Turkey, Azerbaijan and North Africa. Reposted 7 years ago 7 years ago. Sheet music books (shipped from Europe) 6594 scores found for "OUD" en OUD on Oud. [citation needed], Syrian-made oud crafted by Abdo Nahat in 1921, Egyptian lute players with long-necked lutes. percussion instruments that replicate standard patterns which articulate the rhythmic mode. Playing the oud musical instrument is a time-consuming and difficult skill to master. Sorry, the content of this store can't be seen by a younger audience. London was the home base for the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, the Who and other British bands invading the rest of the world; the miniskirt and the Mini (car) were ultra-hip; the overall vibe on carnaby Street was mod, sexy, and extremely groovy. Ministry of Sound is the home of dance music. While playing the ouds, we try to obtain a clear sound by pressing the strings with our fingers. [59][60], Many current Arab players use this tuning: C2 F2 A2 D3 G3 C4 on the standard tuning instruments, and some use a higher pitch tuning, F A D G C F, The Zenne oud, often translated as a women's oud or female oud is a smaller version of the oud designed for those with smaller hands and fingers. Would you like to visit a lively city for a change of scenery? In this free email course, you'll learn the Oud basics (e.g. Rihab has been increasingly writing original music for solo oud and various interdisciplinary contexts combining visual arts, story telling, theatre and radio plays. Westerners met the oud during the Crusades in the 11th and 13th centuries. Given the pleasure the Moors and Sufis took in punning, the convergence seems pausible to me, and the crossword setter in me finds the idea delightfuil, but Im not a scholar of historical philology. The seal shows fairly typical iconography for that subject: theres a standing man in front, a punter, who uses his long pole to push the barge along and move objects out of the way. With the Swinging London or Swinging Sixties scene of the '60s, England's capital became supremely influential in fashion, music, art and culture. On the other hand, thanks to a teacher, your learning process can be accelerated by noticing your shortcomings much easier at first. I know there were troubadour connections with Spain and Italy, so its not impossible, and of course there were so many medieval musical connections between east and west. The closer it is, the more likely it is to sizzle. The unfretted oud spread with Ottoman cultural influence in the region, which extended to the local musical traditions in the provinces. As Europeans traveled to new lands during the Middle Ages oud music became known widely to the Western world. In other words, which string produces which sound and which note should be well understood. What is an oud? fall. She is a well sought-after consultant in matters of music education, intercultural music-making, diversity and inclusion.She's Wigmore Hall's Trainee Music Leader for 22-23. This features either one or three holes together with a headstock that is bent back from the neck. Although it has a pleasant sound, it has a fuller and thicker sound compared to other stringed instruments. Read More Unlike the western lute, the oud has no frets and features a smaller neck. By a little after c. 1400, western lutes were increasingly fretted and by 1481 the medieval lute had developed into the renaissance lute, the most important western instrument of the period, by then mirroring the importance of the oud in the east. Our knowledgeable staff are on hand to help you find the piece you're looking for in the best edition for you. According to Dumbrill, the lute family included instruments in Mesopotamia prior to 3000BC. Although oud music was fashionable in a range of periods, in the last part of the 19th century it made itself known as one of the chief instruments of classical Ottoman music. Custom Content Tap into Getty Images' global scale, data-driven insights, and network of more than 340,000 creators to create content exclusively for your brand . It will be very difficult for you to master the oud musical instrument without learning these. Do you have a view on the Sufi specialist Sayeed Idris Shahs assertion that the original troubadours were from 10th century (Christian calendar) Spain, and that the word Troubadour derives from the Arabic roots TRB (to play) and OUD? Another mention of the fifth string was made by Al-Hasan Ibn al-Haytham in w al-Funn wa Salwat al-Mazn. To inquire about ticket availability please call: (519) 432-1107. He's handcrafted them at his small Lebanese village since 1976. Not sure how to hold the risha properly? Are you available to play for a few hours on this evening? Royalty-Free Music and Sound Effects. [55] Turkish ouds tend to be more lightly constructed than Arabian with an unfinished sound board, lower string action and with string courses placed closer together. Music Education at University College London. Neem contact op met de accommodatie voor de actuele openingstijden. Our "scales" are made up of 3 to 5 notes of different intervals called jins. At the rear of the boat is this guy, and what hes the rudder man using an oar to guide the barge in the right direction. Two of these ouds are at the head of this article, the third is below. [6] The oud, as a fundamental difference with the western lute, has no frets and a smaller neck. Hello, Meic. Over the years I've played many Ouds, and experimented with different configurations and strings. The oud is played by touching the strings. Open now : 07:00 AM - 9:30 PM. [47], The Turkic peoples had a similar instrument called the kopuz. 19.99. It is the direct successor of the Persian Barbat lute. Read more Past events (205) See all Sat, Sep 3, 2022, 2:00 PM BST Balkan and Roma jam at Jamboree And the neck must be one third of the length [of the speaking strings] and it is: ten fingers. Repeat the process a few times each day as needed for relief. It will be much easier for you to play this way. Its musical heritage originated in antiquity. You may unsubscribe at any time. London Open 10am - 6pm, Monday - Saturday 12pm - 5pm Sundays Subscribe for updates and offers 24 Rathbone Place, London, W1T 1JA 020 7323 9040 sales@hobgoblinlondon.co.uk London staff members Paul G Front of House Manager Expertise: Stringed - Sitar, Ukulele, All frets and strings Percussion - Tablas, all Percussion Daisy P Shop Systems Manager [44] Examples of this cited in the Encyclopedia of Islam include a lute in the Cantigas de Santa Maria and the frontispiece from The Life and Times of Ali Ibn Isa by Harold Bowen. In common with all early plucked instruments, the oud has a rosette or rose, a decorative carved sound hole. The oud player and vocalist's long-time comrades in arms include Eyal Sela, a long-serving clarinetist, saxophonist and bansuri (Indian flute) player, and the equally experienced percussionist . BOOK NOW Please upgrade your browser to a modern secure version to view our website. Unwept Tears began as a story and became a piece of music before turning into a film. Music. He taught and has been credited with adding a fifth string to his oud[34] and with establishing one of the first schools of music in Crdoba. Its timeless allure has seen from Muslims to Jews using oud music for prayers and healing for hundreds of years. Website: olilondon.com. As you might imagine, Marsm, alongside all London-promoters and venues, have had to temporarily cease events during COVID-19 times. Ajnas are the genetic makeup of Maqamat. In a sign of quite how deep its history in the region is, experts believe the instrument's origins lie in the ancient Egyptian instrument "nefer", long-necked and small-bodied, resembling the western lute. London Oud by Scent Salim is a Woody Spicy fragrance for women and men. London's best stocked sheet music store catering for musicians of all ages, abilities and styles. Footage. New to Oud for Guitarists? Perfect if you want to learn the feel of Arabic music or train your ear! " oud -player Hrant") or as Hrant Emre ("Hrant of the soul") was an oud player of Turkish classical music, and a key transitional figure in its . The oud is a short-necked, half pear-shaped lute with 11 strings that are grouped in twos, with a single bass string. Yes, it will be great to see you at Lewes Folk Club. "Luxury perfumer house Fragrance Du Bois is coveted for its rich essences of nature, crafted by fifth generation perfumers from the 17th Century French tradition of Grasse. An early description of the "modern" oud was given by 11th-century musician, singer and author Al-Hasan Ibn al-Haytham (c. 965-1040) in his compendium on music w al-Funn wa Salwat al-Mazn. [4]The Modern tuning preserves the ancient succession of fourths, with adjunctions (lowest or highest courses) which may be tuned differently following regional or personal preferences.The first mention of an actual fifth string is by 11th-century musician, singer and author Ab-l-asan Muammad ibn al-asan ibn a--an in his compendium on music w al-Funn wa Salwat al-Mazn. But was the oud fretted, unfretted, or both? Group bookings & full venue hires available. Alfonso X, The Wise, 1221-1284, was King of Castile and other regions in modern day Spain and Portugal, and nothing illustrates the spread of the oud from east to west better than his reign quite literally, Though some parts of the oud-playing world, such as Iran, had fretted ouds all the way from the 10, In 1283, Alfonso X commissioned a book of chess endgame problems, from which the. The fingerboard is unfretted, allowing the performer to play in quarter-tone scales. This article introduces how musicians around the world are enjoying and exploring what they can do with their Ouds. The neck and Tuning p. "[33] He described the Gandhara lutes as having a "pear-shaped body tapering towards the short neck, a frontal stringholder, lateral pegs, and either four or five strings. And that the back (soundbox) be well rounded and its "thinning" (khar) [must be done] towards the neck, as if it had been a round body drawn with a compass which was cut in two in order to extract two ds. An image on the left of something or other from Mesopotamia, 35003200 BCE. First of all, it should be known what the wires mean. Get the FREE email course Ultimate Oud Beginners Guide that reveals the most effective Risha holding method, 7 best exercises and quartertone secrets. If you use any of these oud loops please leave your comments. If you continue to work patiently and keep practicing, you will realize how enjoyable it is to play the oud instrument. Rihab has toured internationally since 2008 and has had memorable collaborations with Cantata Dramatica,London Sinfonietta,The Third Orchestra, Stile Antico and Theatre of the Voice, DK. A tradition that has completely changed in the area since the first gulf war started in the nineties. Nazih Ghadban is one of the few remaining makers of the oud instrument. The fret ties called "epic" on the stem of the ud, which were preserved in the Frb period, were abandoned towards the end of the 10th century.The oud is a fretless instrument. Certain scholars, eager to find a much earlier date for the first lute instruments than what we have (the Akkadian era, c. 2334-2150 BCE) have unfortunately seized on the lute interpretation in spite of how easy it is to show otherwise. Check out this resource page and find what you're looking for! Fri 17 Nov 2023 Albert Hall Manchester, UK The Delgados Sat 12 Aug 2023 Kelvingrove Bandstand and Amphitheatre Glasgow, UK Nina Nastasia Tue 04 Apr 2023 EartH (Evolutionary Arts Hackney) London, UK BC Camplight Wed 15 Nov 2023 SWX Bristol, UK BC Camplight Wed 08 Nov 2023 The Garage Glasgow, UK BC Camplight Wed 22 Nov 2023 Chalk Brighton, UK BDRMM To pick up the next part of the story and read about the medieval, renaissance and baroque lute, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window). loudmemories.com. All Oud sounds & loops have been expertly mixed and are ready to be loaded into your favourite DAW such as FL Studio, Propellerhead Reason, Logic Pro X, Ableton, Pro Tools, Cubase Pro and many more! Millions of high-quality images, video, and music options are waiting for you. +45 foto's. Het 4-sterren Hotel Restaurant Oud London ligt op de Utrechtse Heuvelrug, op slechts 20 minuten rijden van Utrecht en Amersfoort, en biedt gratis WiFi, een binnenzwembad, een sauna, een stoomcabine en een fitnessruimte. His melodies were adapted from sacred sources or popular melodies from both sides of the Pyrenees, including some derived from Provenal troubadour songs. Oud Music - Best Oud Instrumental Relaxing MusicAbout Music Lab Channel: We are super passionate about music! In common with all early plucked instruments, the oud has a rosette or rose, a decorative carved sound hole. Modern tuning preserves the ancient succession of fourths, with adjunctions (lowest or highest courses), which may be tuned differently following regional or personal preferences. The oud arbi is tuned in a re-entrant tuning of G3 G3, E4 E4, A3 A3, D4 D4. London Sinfonietta,The Third Orchestra, Stile Antico and Theatre of the Voice, DK. [52] The Iraqi oud, Egyptian oud and Syrian oud, are normally grouped under the term 'Arabian oud' because of their similarities, although local differences may occur, notably with the Iraqi oud. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. All. Oud taqasim are also very popular in live concerts as well as recordings. 19.99. An Arabic Oud from our range. This is typical of both Lutes and Ouds. [18][19] Another researcher, archaeomusicologist Richard J. Dumbrill, suggests that rud came from the Sanskrit rudr (, meaning "string instrument") and transferred to Arabic (a Semitic language) through a Semitic language. Location: 265-267 Old Brompton Road, London SW5 9JA. The first known complete description of the d and its construction is found in the epistle Risla f-l-Lun wa-n-Nagham by 9th-century philosopher of the Arabs Yaqb ibn Isq al-Kind. LONDON MUSIC HALL BOX OFFICE Box Office Hours. [29] He focuses on the longer lutes of Mesopotamia, and similar types of related necked chordophones that developed throughout ancient world: Greek, Egyptian (in the Middle Kingdom), Elamites, Hittite, Roman, Bulgar, Turkic, Indian, Chinese, Armenian/Cilician, Canaanite/Phoenician, Israelite/Judean, and various other cultures. (25.7 x 12.1 x 6.4 cm)", "Bracket with two musicians 100s, Pakistan, Gandhara, probably Butkara in Swat, Kushan Period (1st century-320)", "Musician and dancing woman, Qusayr Amra. For most of its history and in most places, the oud has been fretless and, even in Iran, the abandonment of frets started to take place in the 16th century. [13][43], The barbat (possibly known as mizhar, kirn, or muwatter, all skin topped versions) was used by some Arabs in the sixth century. Ouds for Sale on Reverb. [11] "As early as the ninth century" a fifth string d ("sharp") was sometimes added "to make the range of two octaves complete". The Night Watch: Ian Pittaway on oud and Andy Casserley on bagpipe. An old lady is mugged by a bad . 5 wound nylon strings and 6 rectified nylon strings The body is made from Lacewood and the bowl has white pinstripes in between each wooden stave. Close. Composed sections are mostly accompanied by OUDBAR is a brand of ENSAR OUD LIMITED. There were four courses until the 15. After uncertain origins, the popularity of the oud spread across the Mediterranean, the Middle East and north and east Africa, where it remains popular to this day. The angle of the foot from the leg explains the bent peg box. Oud Sharqia Ard Al Zaafaran for women and men. Maple, walnut, palisander, and mahogany woods are used for the bowl. Fresco from the tomb of Nebamun, a nobleman in the 18th Dynasty of Ancient Egypt (c. 1350 BC). Ris performances have played a role in reconnecting people with their traditional/modern music and have successfully introduced it to a wider audience from all musical backgrounds. The modern Persian barbat resembles the oud, although differences include a smaller body, longer neck, a slightly raised fingerboard, and a sound that is distinct from that of the oud. 5th Mar, London (community music workshop). . Either are possible, but Sayeed Idris Shahs assertion seems a little like special pleading to me and the Provenal connection seems more natural linguistically and geographically. The different, colours of the vertical lines on the neck of her instrument indicate fingerboard decoration, rather than frets. The highly influential organologist Curt Sachs distinguished between the "long-necked lute" and the short-necked variety. If you have decided to buy an oud, you are in the right place. chinese traditional agarwood ceremony - oud stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images. There are a few things anyone can do to get closer to an. In order to ensure your continuity, it is important that you continue your education with a trainer, especially in the first semesters. [66][67], The oud kumethra, also known as pregnant oud or pear oud is an oud with the body in a pear-like shape. She has performed at iconic spaces in the UK and abroadsuch as the Royal Opera House, Barbican Centre, Southbank Centre,King's Place, Wigmore Hall, Lambeth Palace,St.Pauls Cathedral, Westminster Abbey, The British Museum, Victoria & Albert Museum,Imperial War Museum and atThe National Museum of Denmark. Its musical heritage originated in antiquity. Mourad ELTurky Professional Palisander Decorated Neck Oud #M1162, Professional Turkish Black Electric Oud Walnut With Guitar Pegs #035. He names among the long lutes, the pandura, the panduri, tambur and tanbur. Don't miss happy hour from 5pm 'til 8pm for a few 2-4-1 cocktails to fuel your end of the week boogie! It is strung in courses (pairs of strings) made of gut, processed from the small intestines of sheep, as most instrument strings were in the medieval period. The cmb is a Turkish instrument that started as a hybrid of the oud and the banjo. Dating from antiquity, the oud is a mainstay in Middle Eastern music. Our special ouds are made by famous oud makers who have mastered their craft. The more diverse the material, the better it sounds. The modern oud and the lute share a common ancestor but have developed independently of each other. But if this musical instrument can be played naturally and without any effort, it can mesmerize the audience. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Backgrounds. Hope to see you when the Night Watch play the Lewes Folk Club later in the year. While the British Museum, who holds the artefact, would like to claim this is the, earliest depiction of an oud, this vague outline of a figure could just as well be, holding a fishing rod or a clothes hanger. Required fields are marked *. Oud, which has a sound range of 3 octaves, is used as 11 or 12 strings. As I understand Shah (its some years since I read the book) TRB OUD R became trobador in Spanish also meaning finder and spread to Provencal, where the verbal connection to the lute was lost and the finder use was transliterated directly from Langue dOc to trouvere in Langue dOil. The Oud (also spelled 'Ud) is one of the most popular instruments in Arabic music. She revisits the traditional musical material, presenting it in a dynamic style. The plectrum is longer than other plectrums and is held between the fingers. Gently tap the head around 50 times. Click here to join! The fretless design enables the musicians to bend and slide notes and to add vibrato. Website Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy. In the middle theres a bull with a square throne on its backa symbol of the king himself who often had the title Wild Bull of the Mountain, and an actual bull who would be the sacrifice at temple rites in the city the king was traveling to. Old oud sound Ive been playing Oud for 23 years, and the first sounds of the Oud that I ever heard haunt me until this day. Oh, I see, Meic, so Shah takes the Old Provenal into account. [34] The oud is most likely the combination of the Barbat, with the Ancient Greek Barbiton, giving the Barbat a lower pitched tone and the playing of Maqams in Middle Eastern and Byzantine music. Thank you. [59], The oud arbi is a North African variant of the oud with a longer neck and only four courses. Historical sources indicate that Ziryab, has added a fifth string to the Oud. In other words, which string produces which sound and which note should be well understood. Built for producers, can play over 20,000 different sounds from string, wind, and percussion instruments. The oud (Arabic: ) is a short-neck lute-type, pear-shaped stringed instrument (a chordophone in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of instruments) with 11 or 13 strings grouped in 5 or 6 courses, commonly used in Egyptian, Syrian, Palestinian, Lebanese, Iraqi, Arabian, Jewish, Persian, Greek, Armenian, Turkish, Azerbaijani, North African (Chaabi, Classical, and Spanish Andalusian), Somali, and various other forms of Middle Eastern and North African music.In the first centuries of (pre-Islamic) Arabian civilisation, the oud had 4 courses (one string per course double-strings came later) only, tuned in successive fourths. Traditional Turkish Music, Western Music, Eastern Music, polyphonic or monophonic music, a children's song or a youth anthem can be performed with the oud.The oud requires major repairs. But during the Islamic era the musical box was enlarged, another string was added (the number became 4), and the keys base (Bunjuk) was added. [24] Douglas Alton Smith argues the long-necked variety should not be called lute at all because it existed for at least a millennium before the appearance of the short-necked instrument that eventually evolved into what is now known the lute. What Is An Oud - London Guitar Studio Free UK Delivery Over 50 Central London Shop Expert Staff Available Over 40 Years Experience What is an oud? The oud or, in Arabic, al-d, is probably best known in the west for being the predecessor of the European lute; but it does have an independent life of its own in the history of early music, rooted in medieval cultural exchange between east and west. In the middle ages, easterners and westeners were not only knocking seven bells out of each other in the Crusades, they were also trading and engaging in fruitful cultural exchange. [26] Dumbrill documented more than 3000 years of iconographic evidence for the lutes in Mesopotamia, in his book The Archaeomusicology of the Ancient Near East. Reducing . And did the oud really originate in desiccated human remains? Middle and right are two very clear. Rihab was born in the Syrian city, Homs to a musical family. One non-academic author stated his belief that oud means "from wood" and "stick" in Arabic. Genres Select . Similar to the lute in appearance, the oud is an 11 or 13 string pear shaped wooden instrument. Rihab has contributed as a panelist, practitioner and social advocate to workshops held by Oxford, Cambridge, Westminster Universities and King's College London. oud players on a metal cup in the Sassanid era of Iran, CE 224651. Redeem Now The Coptic Oud All Popular tracks Tracks Albums Playlists Reposts Station The Coptic Oud Recent Play Anthony Marcos Stream The Coptic Oud music | Listen to songs, albums, playlists for free on SoundCloud Limited Time Offer: Get 50% off the first year of our best annual plan for artists with unlimited uploads, releases, and insights. It is important for the quality of the sound that you press each oud string equally during playback. Oud music was adopted by musicians locally throughout the west and given a new name - the lute. Looking at the single rose instead of the ouds multiple roses and the more. The great theorist al-Farabi (10th century) used the fretting of the oud to analyse the tonal system. Mailing Address: 178 Dundas Street, London Ontario N6A 1G7. As Oud is a fret-less musical instrument, its sound and musical notes are closely dependent on the dexterity of the Oud player. People are sometimes surprised to find secondhand items priced higher than basic new instruments. Masada Oud Music attends The 4th Annual MILLER THEATRE SPRING GALA Honoring GERRY LENFEST at Columbia University on June 14, 2007 in New York City. Whether the handle has fallen or not can be understood by the experienced eye from the large and small thresholds. Just bought an Oud? Take a look at our guide to find out more about the history of the oud and how to tune and play this beautiful instrument. We use cookies so you can shop from this site. Remains the vibrating body: twenty fingers. Often the most straightforward answer is the right one, so Im more convinced by the simpler and more obvious evolution from trobador (Old Provenal) meaning someone who finds or invents musically, itself probably derived from tropare (Vulgar Latin), meaning to compose or sing, which is where we get trope, a figure of speech or motif. It is a stringed instrument with an ancient history, especially important in countries like Iraq where there is a common belief that the oud is Iraqs soul. By between 1300 and 1340 the oud had become modified enough by Europeans to become a different and distinct instrument, the medieval lute. During the 16th century the Ottoman Empire ruled the entire Middle East and North Africa with the exception of Iran and Morocco. [13] Henry George Farmer considers the similitude between al-d and al-awda ("the return" of bliss).[14]. I consent to receive emails from London Guitar Studio. Hotel Restaurant Oud London is situated in a lovely area bordering the "Utrechtse Heuvelrug" in between Zeist and Woudenberg. These; bowl, chest, neck, auger, and strings. At London Guitar Studio we are proud to stock a great range of Arabic and Turkish Ouds to choose from. [13][31][32] Curt Sachs talked about the depictions of Gandharan lutes in art, where they are presented in a mix of "Northwest Indian art" under "strong Greek influences". It is also understood by playing. We do trade ins, take goods on consignment, and in some cases we buy outright. The reason why we put together all kinds of mu. The wires should be close to the keyboard, which we call the key. ), youll see basically the same layout: punter in front, enclosed area or important passenger in the middle, rudder man at the back, in the same posture. . According to Ab lib al-Mufaal (a-n-Naaw al-Lughaw) ibn Salma (9th century), who himself refers to Hishm ibn al-Kull, the oud was invented by Lamech, the descendant of Adam and Cain. Oud, a fretless instrument, is in the category of stringed and plectrum instruments. Her solo performances are influenced by the rich heritage and the sophisticated modern music of the Levant, Middle East and extend to neighbouring genres from the further East. About the Oud An Oud is a stringed instrument which is very similar in construction and style to a modern Lute, an oud boasts a distinctive tear-drop shaped body. As in popular music there is often a most popular instrument like the guitar today and the violin in the old American west. Ian Pittaway. During his reign he wrote and commissioned a large number of books, with subjects ranging from art and literature to scientific texts translated into Castillian from Arabic originals. London Oud was launched in 2012. . Names for the instrument in different languages include Arabic: d or oud(Arabic pronunciation:[u()d, ud], plural: awd), Armenian: , Syriac: d, Greek: oti, Hebrew: ud, Persian: barbat (although the barbat is a different lute instrument), Turkish: ud or ut,[23] Azeri: ud, and Somali: cuud or kaban . vaping commercial girl, madea family funeral funny lines, detective inspector met police,